Match-box-filling machine.



F. SCHAFER.

MATCH BOX FILLING MACHINE.

Patented July 30, 1912.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6, 1969.

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Patented July 30, 1912.

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F. SGHAFER. I MATCH BOX FILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6, 1909.

Patented July 30, 1912.

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COLUMBIA FLANOGRAFB 00., WASHINGTON Patented July 30, 1912.

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Patented July 30, 1912.

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P. SCHAFER.

MATCH BOX FILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6, 1909.

1,034,308. Patented July 30, 1912.

15 SHEETSSHEET 6.

COLUMBIA FLANOGRAPH C0,,WASNINGTON.

F. SCHAFER.

MATCH BOX FILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6, 1909.

1,034,308. Patented July 30, 1912.

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COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH co.,wAsH|NGTON, 04 c.

F. SOHAFER.

MATCH BOX FILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.6,1909.

1,034,308. Patented July 30,1912.

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MATCH BOX FILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6, 1909.

Patented July 30, 1912.

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Patented July 30, 1912.

P. SCHAFER.

MATCH BOX FILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION IILED NOV. 6 1909.

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MATCH BOX FILLING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV 6 1909 Patented July 30, 1912.

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F. SCHAPER.

MATCH BOX FILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION TILED NOV. 6, 1909.

1,034,308. Patented July 30,1912.

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COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH 110., WASHINGTON, u.

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MATCH BOX FILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 6, 1909.

1,034,308. Patented 30, 1912.

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MATCH BOX FILLING MACHINE.

APPLICATION IILBD NOV. 6. 1909.

1,034,308. Patented July 30, 1912.

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COLUMBIA PMNOGRAPN co, WASHINGTON,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK SCHAFER, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MATCH-BOX-FILLING MACHINE.

To all whom 2'25 may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK SGHAFER, a citizen of the United States. residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Match-BoX-Filling Machines, which improvement is fully set forth in the following specification and accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to improvements in match box filling machines and more particularly for filling matches in boxes such as are given away with purchases of tobacco and the like; in which the boxes are similar in construction and are slid lengthwise over the matches, the two halves forming a perfect box or covering for the matches.

It consists of means whereby an endless match carrier is caused to move in an in.- clincd guideway situated above a drum. This rotates 'ith a step by step movement which corresponds with that of the endless carrier and around the circumference of which is arranged a series of pivoted boxes into which the matches are ejected.

It also consists of means whereby the pivoted boxes are retarded in their movement while a certain number of matches are ejected therein, after which the movement of the box is accelerated until it again corresponds with the fixed step by step rotation of the drum.

It also consists of means whereby the pivoted boxes are a second time retarded in their movement and then again accelerated so that the entire box of matches will fall at one time into the expanded sectional box of a second drum situated directly underneath the first drum.

It also consists of means whereby the expanded sectional box is caused to vibrate rapidly and then contract thus bringing the matches into the smallest space possible so that a cover or one half of a box can be placed over the heads of the matches.

It also consists of means whereby the sectional box is caused to expand again and drop the box of matches into the opened split boxes of a third drum situated directly underneath the second drum.

It also consists of means whereby the open split box of the third drum is caused to close on the covered end of the matches, so that the other half of the cover or box can be put on, and at a certain place is opened, allowing the completely covered matches to Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November 6, 1909.

Patented July 30, 1912.

Serial No. 526,654.

fall onto a belt which carries them to the operator to wrap them into suitable packages for shipping.

It also consists of details of construction all as will be hereinafter set forth.

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a machine embodying my invention and Fig. 2 an end view thereof. Fig. 3 represents an enlarged view, partly sectional, of the carrier, the matches, and the first drum with the pivoted boxes. Figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 represent enlarged views, partly sectional, of the carrier, the matches, pivoted boxes and the shaft 23 having the diametrically opposite pins 25 and 24 which retard the regular movement of the pivoted boxes during the time the matches are ejected therein. Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 represent enlarged views, partly sectional, of the pivoted boxes and the disk 30 having the diametrically opposite pins 31 and 32 which permit the accelerated movement of the pivoted boxes until the same are moving again in unison with the step by step rotation of the drum 15. Fig. 15 is a sectional view on lines A-A of Fig. 3. Fig. 16 represents a view showing the position of the matches in the pivoted boxes 20 and in the curved groove 54 of the guard plate 50, just previous to dropping from this guard plate into the expanded sectional boxes. Fig. 17 represents a sectional view showing the matches falling from the boxes of the top drum into the expanded sectional boxes of the second drum. Fig. 18 is a sectional view through the center of Fig. 17, and in which is also shown the mechanism for vibrating the sectional boxes. In this view wheel 69 is in its raised or inactive position. Fig. 19 is a sectional View showing the mechanism for vibrating the sectional boxes with the friction wheel 69 in its lower or active position. Fig. 20 represents a side elevation of the mechanism for vibrating the sectional boxes. Fig. 21 represents a view showing the cam which raises the shaft 68 and friction wheel 69 and which renders the vibrating mechanism inactive. Fig. 22 represents a View of Fig. 21 showing the cam after it has been given a quarter turn and lowering the shaft 68 and friction wheel 69 and which renders the vibrating mechanism active. Fig. 23 is a plan view showing the vibrating bar, the eccentric rod, eccentric and bracket supporting shaft 68. Fig. 24 shows the bracket for supporting the top the friction.

end of the shaft 68 and also the slot in which slides the end of the friction washer 74. Fig. 25 is a side view of Fig. 24- and shows the bearing for the cam 77. Fig. 26 is a plan view of the friction washer and Fig. 27 a side view thereof. Fig. 28 is a plan view of the vibrating plate 60 and the mechanism for expanding and contracting the sectional boxes. In this view the box 110 is expanded. Fig. 29 is a view showing the box 110 contracted. Fig. 30 is a sectional view on lines 13-13 of Fig. 29. Fig. 31 is a plan View of the rack bars in which the square thread of the shaft meshes and which are pivoted to the expanding and contracting boxes 110. Fig. is a view showing the curved rack which rotates the gear 97 in the proper direction to contract the boxes 110. Fig. 33 is a view showing the curved rack which reverses the rotation of the gear 97 and expands the box 110. Fig. 34 is a perspectvie view showing the boxes 110 in its expanded and Fig. 35 in its contracted form. Fig. 36 is a sectional View, full size, showing the sectional box with the matches therein and a cover or box over the heads of the matches. Fig. 37 is a sectional View showing the box of matches with one box or cover on, falling from the second drum onto the third drum. Fig. 38 is a sectional view through the center of Fig. 37. Fig. 39 is an enlarged View showing the cam 126 which opens the split boxes of the third drum and Fig. 40 shows the cam after it has been rotated or turned a one quarter revolution thus permitting the springs 133 to close the box. Fig. 41 is a plan view showing the split boxes open and Fig. 42 shows them closed. Fig. 43 is a sectional view showing the completely covered box of matches falling from the third drum onto the belt 141. Fig. 44 shows the intermittent drive and gearing for the speed retarding and accelerating wheels of the top drum. Fig. 45 represents a view of the gearing and chains to drive the oppositely rotating friction wheels and 71 and pulley 148 partly around which passes the belt 147.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the various figures.

Referring to the drawings: 1 designates the left hand and 2 the right hand frame of the machine, 3 designates the driving shaft which is journaled in a suitable bearing on the frame 1. The frames 1 and 2 can be part of the frame of a continuous match machine which cuts or feeds splints into an endless carrier or secured thereto, but in either case the shaft may be a continuation of the shaft driving the mechanism of the feeding of the endless carrier or it may be intergeared with same, so that the movement of this machine is in timed relation with the aforesaid continuous machine.

4 designates a small bevel gear secured to shaft 3 which meshes with another large bevel gear 5 secured to shaft 6 ournaled in the frames 1 and 2. Also secured to the shaft 6 are the sprocket gears 7 and 8 which mesh in the connecting links of the endless carrier which consist of the plates 9 each of which has three rows of holes in which the match splints 10 are forced and are held by compressing the end of the splint. The

plates 9 are caused to move in suitable guide ways 11 which are bolted to the inside of the frames 1 and 2. (See Figs. 1 and 2.) Said guideways are situated at an angle to the horizontal to cause the matches to slide into the boxes and not scatter or fall in all direc tions. Also secured to the end of the shaft 6 is the gear 12 meshing with gear 13 secured to shaft 14 journaled in the frames 1 and 2. Also secured to shaft 14 is the drum 15 having the extending arms 16 and to the sides of the drum are pivoted the arms 17 to the swinging ends of which is secured the plate 18 which extends across said drum 15 and between the extending arms 16. Also secured to the plate 18 and extending across it is the angle iron 19 to the top of which is secured the pivoted box 20. (See Figs. 3 to 13 inclusive.) The parts numbered 17, 18, 19 and 20 will be referred to as the pivoted box 20 unless otherwise specified and the normal position of which is against the ex tending arm 16 and is held there by the springs 21 which are hooked through a suit able hole in the angle iron 19 and the other end hooked to a screw in the outer end of the preceding end of the extending arm 16. (See Fig. 3.)

22 designates brackets secured to the frames 1 and 2 in which are journaled shafts 23 and on the inner ends of which are the diametrically opposite pins 24 and 25. To the shafts 23 are also secured the gears 26 meshing with idler gears 27 rotating on stud bolts secured to the brackets 22. The idler gears also mesh with gears 28 secured to shafts 29 journaled in brackets 22. (See Figs. 1 and 44). To the shafts 29 are also secured disks 30 having the diametrically opposite pins 31 and 32 and which permit the accelerated movement of the pivoted boxes. The gears 26 mesh with gears 33 loosely mounted on shaft 14 and the latter gears mesh with gears 34 secured to shaft journaled in the frames 1 and 2. (See Figs. 1, 2 and 44.) An intermittent motion is imparted to gear 34 by means of the swinging arm 36 which is loosely mounted on the shaft 35 and to the swinging end of which is loosely pivoted the ratchet dog 37, the free end of which engages with the teeth of the gear 34. Pivoted to the side of the swinging arm 36 is one end of the connecting rod 38 the other end of which is oscillated by any suitable means as for instance an eccentric 38 secured to any shaft which rotates in timed unison with the feed of the chain plates, also meshing with the gear 33 is the small gear 39 secured to shaft 40 journaled in the bracket 41 secured to the frames 1 and 2. On the inner end of the shaft 40 are the diametrically opposite pins 42 and 43 and the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained. Also meshing with the small gear 39 is the idler gear 44 which rotates on a suitable bolt screwed into the bracket 41, meshing with the idler 44 is gear 45 secured to shaft 46 which is also journaled in the bracket 41 and to the other end of this shaft is secured a disk 47 having the diametrically opposite pins 48 and 49 and the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained. (see Figs. 1, 2 and 44.)

50 designates a circular guard plate which extends partly around the outer surface of the drum 15 and is held in place at the top by the angle iron 51 and at the bottom by the bracket 52 secured to the angle iron 53, secured to the frames 1 and 2. (See Fig. 1.) The circular plate 50 has a curved depression 54 on its inner side in line with the pivoted box 20 and at the end of said curved depression is a recess which guides the matches as they fall into the expanded boxes 110 as seen in Fig. 18. Secured to shaft 58 is the drum 5S) and on the periphcry of which are guideways running paraltel with the shaft 58 in which slides a plate (30 vibrated by means of the connecting rod 61 pivoted on the screw 62 oscillated by the eccentric 63 of the shaft 64 which runs in the bearings 65 secured to the side of the drum 59. (See Fig. 18.)

66 designates the gear of the shaft 64 which meshes with the gear 67 secured to a sliding shaft 68. One end of this shaft has a bevel friction wheel ()9 screwed to its end pointing to the center of the drum 59 and at predetermined places contact with the oppositely rotating friction wheels 70 and 71. The inner friction wheel 70 is loosely mounted on the shaft 58 and free to rotate thereon in any direction. The other friction wheel 71 is loosely mounted on the hub of the wheel T0 and is free to rotate in a direction opposite to that of 70 and the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained. (See Figs. 18, 19 and 20.)

72 designates a small bracket screwed to the sides of the upper one of the bearings (15 and in which is a slot 7 in which slides the end 74 of a friction washer T5 and prevents it from rotating. It will be seen that there are two of these washers. one on each side of a collar T6 which is pinned to the shaft 68 and rotates therewith, between the lower washer 75 and the bearing (33 is a cam 77 which raises and lowers the shaft 8 when it is given a quarter turn by arms 78 and 78 striking against pins 82 and 83 extending out from the bracket 81 secured to the frame 2 and the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained. (See Figs. 2 20, 21 and 22.)

79 designates a spring which is loosely mounted on the shaft ()8 between the top friction washer T5 and the angle part of the bracket T2 and which presses the shaft 68 downward when allowed to do so by the cam 77 and the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained. (See Figs. 18, 19, 20 to 27 inclusive.)

8-1 designates a sprocket wheel which is screwed to the side of the friction wheel 71 and around which passes the chain 85 which also passes around sprocket 86 secured to shaft 87 journaled in the frames 1 and 2. Secured to shaft 87 is the belt wheel 88 which can be driven from any suitable source. Also secured to shaft 87 is the gear wheel 89 which meshes with the gear 90 secured to shaft )1 journalcd in the frames 1 and 2. Secured to the shaft 91 is the sprocket 92 around wh ch passes the chain 93 also passing around the sprocket 9t secured to the friction wheel 70 and which ro tates this in a direction opposite to the wheel 71 and the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained. (See Figs. 1, 2 18, 19 and 45.)

Secured to the top of the plate (30 is a bearing 95 in the center of which is a shaft 96 to the outer end of which is secured gear 97, alongside of this gear is secured a smaller gear 98 which meshes with gears 99 and 100 secured to shafts 101 and 102 also rotating in the bearing 97 and which have the right and left hand square threads 103 and 104. These threads engage the racks 105 and 106 of the bars 107 and 108 which are caused to slide in opposite directions and toward and from one another by means of the angular slots 109. The bars are also pivoted to the two halves of a contracting and expanding box 110 by means if the screws 111, the boxes 110 are guided by the slots 112 and held in place by screws having large flat heads and the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained. (See Figs. 28. 29, 3t). 34, 35 and 36.)

\Vhen the drum 59 rotates it naturally carries with it the gear 97 and the teeth of which mesh with a curved rack 113 having teeth pointing toward its center and which is secured to a suitable bracket 114 secured to frame 1.. (Figs. 1, 2 and 32.) The continued movement of the said drum carries this gear around till it meshes with another curved rack 115 having teeth pointing away from its center and which is secured to a suitable bracket 116 secured to frame 1 and the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained. (See Figs. 1, 2 and 117 designates a flat circular guard plate extending partly around the Outside of the drum 59 and is secured at its upper end by the angle iron 118 secured to frames 1 and 2 and at its lower end by the brackets 119 secured to the angle iron 120 secured to the frames 1 and 2.

Also meshing with the gear 57 is the gear 121 secured to the shaft 122 journaled in the frames 1 and 2. Also secured to shaft 122 is the bottom drum 123 having the extending arms 124 in which is journaled the shaft 125 to which is secured the cam 126 having extending arms 127 which strike a pin 128 secured in the end of a bracket 129 secured to the frame 1, and which turns or rotates the cam 126 and permits the spring 133 to contract the arms 130 and clamp or hold the box of matches. 130 designates arms pivoted to the sides of the drum 123 and to the top of which is secured an angle iron 131 and to the top of the angle iron is secured the split boxes 132 which consists of two halves having interlocking sections and which are drawn together by spring 133. (See Figs. 37, 39, 4t), 41 and 42.) 134 designates the other arm of the cam 126 and which on the rotation of the drum 123 strikes the pin 135 extending out from the bracket 136 secured to the frame 1, and which turns or rotates the cam 126 and expands the arms 130 thus permitting the box of matches to fall on the belt 141.

137 designates a circular guard plate extending partly around the circumference of the drum 123 and is supported near its upper end by the angle iron 138 secured to frames 1 and 2 and at its lower end by the bracket 139 secured to the plate 140 secured to frames 1 and 2.

141designates a belt running horizontally beneath the drum 123 and which passes around the pulley 142 secured to shaft 143 journaled in frames 1 and 2, it also passes around pulley 144 secured to shaft 145 journaled in the frames 1 and 2. Also secured to the shaft 145 is a pulley 146 around which passes a belt 147 also passing around a pnl ley 148 secured to shaft 91, which is driven by the gears 91), 89 and the belt wheel 88.

149 designates the ejector and 150 the box placed over the head end of the maches and 151 the other half forming a complete box for the matches.

The mode of operation is as follows: An intermittent motion being imparted to the shaft 3, which by means of the bevel gears 4 and 5. shaft 6 and sprockets 7 and 8 move the carrier composed of the plates 9 carrying the matches 10 to the left. The plates are caused to slide in a suitable guideway 11 which is placed at an angle from the horizontal with the left hand end of the guideway at the lower level. (See Fig. 1.) The drum 15 is situated underneath the sprockets 7 and 8 and its shaft 14 is about 15 degrees to the right of the shaft 6 of the aforesaid sprockets 7 and 8. Needles of the ejector 149 reciprocate directly on a line between the center of the shafts 6 and 14 and eject. the matches from the plates 9 and into the pivoted boxes 20. Referring to Fig. 3 it will be seen that the pivoted box 20 and the matches 10 occupy the same angular direction e. 15 degrees) when they are in a straight line between shafts 6 and 14 and it is apparent that the momentum of the ejected match will be acted upon by gravity which will cause the head of the match to fall into the pivoted box 20 and just touch the side 18, the head of the match is also heaviest and this has a tendency to keep that end of the match down and as the match falls not more than its length it will not scatter, the angle at which it is caused to fall being such that the upper end would have a tendency to fall to the left but as the match touches the side 18 the friction naturally keeps it straight. (See Figs. 3 to 9 inclusive.) The plates 9 are caused to move one half inch at each ejection (which is the distance center to center of each row of matches) the diameter of the drum is such that the distance between the end of the plate 18 and the next adjoining one at the periphery is such that it is exactly 2 and 5- inches or equal to five rows of matches as it is desired to eject five rows of matches into each box. This makes thirty five matches in each box which is the number usually placed in the boxes of matches that are given away with tobacco, etc. The gears 12 and 13 cause the plates 9 and the drum 15 to move in unison, as has been heretofore stated it is desired to eject five rows of matches into the pivoted boxes 20 which is accomplished as follows. Referring to Fig. 4 it will be seen that the first row of matches is in position to be ejected and to the left of this is the retarding shaft 23 with the pins 25 and 24. Iteferring to Fig. 44 it will be seen that thr shafts 23 and 29 are intergeared and that both revolve in the same direction, each shaft having ten feeds per revolution as will be explained hereinafter. The center of the shaft 23 is not on a line with the end of the plate 18 but a certain distance beyond so that only four out of the five feeds are active or in other words that four positions of the pin 25 out of the five retard the movement of the pivoted box 20 (that is during a one half revolution of the shaft 23, during the other half revolution the othe; pin becomes active) the first ejection takes place with the parts as seen in Fig. 4 when the needles of the ejector touch the matches and are in the act of forcing the matches out of the holes of the plate 9 when the shaft turns one feed and the parts are new in the position shown in Fig. 5 which shows one match in the pivoted box 20 after which the drum 15 and the plates 9 are moved as can be seen by the space between the extending arm 16 and the pivoted arm 17, the original position of the vertical pivoted box 20 being shown by the dotted outline. The plate 18 being held against the pin 25 by the spring 21 as can be seen in Fig.

In Figs. 4 to 1 1 I have omitted illt springs for clearness of illustration. Tin needles now eject the second row of matches and the shaft 23 has made its second feed and is now in the position shown in Fig. 6 which shows 2 matches in the pivoted box 20 after which the drum 15 and the plate 9 have moved as can be seen by the greater space between the'extending arm 16 and the pivoted arm 17, the original position of the vertical pivoted box 20 being shown in dotted outline. The needles now eject the third row of matches and the shaft 23 has made its third feed and is now in the position shown in Fig. 7 which shows 3 matches in the box 20, after which the drum 15 and the plate 9 have moved can be seen by the increased space between the extend ing arm 16 and the pivoted arm 17, the original position of the box 20 being shown in the dotted outline. The needles now eject the fourth row of matches and the shaft 23 has made its fourth feed and is now inv the position as shown in Fig. 8 which shows 4 matches in the box 20 after which the drum 15 and the plate 9 have moved as can be seen by the greatly increased space between the extending arm 16 and the pivoted arm 17, the original position of the box 20 being shown in dotted outline. The needles now eject the fifth row of matches and the shaft 23 has made its fifth feed and is now in the position shown in Fig. 9 in which it is seen that five matches are now in the box 20 and that the plate 18 has slipped off of the pin 27 and is stopped by the pin 31 on the accelerating disk 30, the plate drops about inch before striking the pin 81. The drum 15 and the plate 9 are now caused to move as shown in Fig. 10 wherein it is seen that the parts are now as shown at the start in Fig. 5 and also as shown in Fig. 3. The disk 30 now moves one feed which brings the box 20 in the position shown against the pin 31 and is held against it by the spring 21 as has been hereinbefore mentioned. The drum now moves one feed to the position as shown in Fig. 11 and then the disk 30 moves again wherein it is seen that the space between the extending arm 16 and the pivoted arm 17 is decreasing, which is due to the larger circle in which the pin 31 moves, the shafts Q3 and 29 being intergeared by means of the idler gear 27. The next feed of the drum 15 is shown ii. Fig. 19 and then the disk 30 moves again wherein it is seen that the plate 18 again touches the extending arm 16. The drum 15 moves to the position as shownin Fig. 13 and then the disk 30 moves, at the movement of the extending arm 16 as seen in Fig. 12 the pin 31 again stops the plate 18 for an instant but after the movement of the disk 30 as seen in Fig. 13 the pin 81 is again clear of the plate 18 and in Fig. 14 it is seen that the box 20 will now keep its position against the extending arm 16 unless acted upon by some other agent.

The four feeds of the shaft 2?) permit a movement of about 3; inch of the box 20 and the inch that they drop at the last movement of the shaft 20 makes a movement of inch which is suflicient to give room for the matches to drop into the boxes and also allow them to be made of a width to allow suflicient room for the retarding and accelerating movement. There need not be any definite distance that the accelerating disk allows the boxes 20 to move as this need be only such that the boxes 20 again lie against the extending arm 16.

The pins of the shaft 23 contact with the top of the plate 18 and the pins of the disk 30 with the extended part of the plate 18 as can be seen in Fig. 15. In the views Figs. 5, G, 7, 8 and 9 the matches are shown as ejected in five rows but they do not drop in such regular rotation, the second and third rows fall on either side of the first and the fourth and fifth will fall next to these so that there will be two (or three) rows in each box. The boxes 20 with the matches 10 continue to rotate step by step and are kept from falling out of the boxes by the circular guard plate 50 which extends partly around the outside of the drum 15. (See Figs. 1, 3 and 17.) This circular plate also has a curved groove or pathway extending around its inside surface in line with each row of boxes 20 and which as the matches arrive near the end of the guard plate at the bottom of the drum 15 cause them to assume the position as shown in Fig. 16 and at the end of the plate is the recess 55 and through which the matches must fall. (See Figs. 16, 17 and 18.) Fig. 16 shows the matches just previous to falling through this recess and Fig. 18 after they have fallen through and are in the sectional boxes 110. It will be noted that the ends of the matches which rub on the guard plate do not have any ignition material on them. Therefore there is no danger of them igniting. Situated near the bottom of the drum 15 and the end of the guard plate are the shafts 1G and 40 having the pins 42 and 43 and 48 and 49 respectively, and which operate precisely like the shafts 23 and 29 of Figs. 14 to 17 inclusive as has been heretofore explained.

The object of having the retarding and accelerating wheels near the bottom of the 

